结合PBL的思维导图法在大学化学“四大平衡”教学中的应用

Taking the chemical equilibria including acid-base equilibrium, complexation equilibrium, precipitation equilibrium and redox equilibrium as an example, the application of the mind mapping combined with problem-based learning in university chemistry teaching is introduced.     

简便的两步直接固相反应法制备N、Se共掺杂碳限域的NiSe纳米晶及其储钠性能

通过简便的两步直接固相反应,即在室温下的固相自组装反应制备Ni席夫碱配合物前驱体,然后通过高温固相热解碳化和硒化反应,原位制备了N,Se共掺杂碳限域的NiSe纳米晶复合物。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TGA)等表征技术分别对其物相、形貌结构、组分和含量等进行分析,并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗谱等方法测试其电化学储钠性能。研究结果表明,复合物中NiSe粒子的平均尺寸为100 nm,被均匀限域在N,Se共掺杂的碳基体中;得益于该结构的优势,复合物作为钠离子电池负极材料时,在0.1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下充放电循环100次后仍保持291 mAh·g~(-1)的可逆充电比容量,保持了首圈充电比容量的88%。同时,在5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,可逆充电比容量为197 mAh·g~(-1)。     

改性三氧化二铬催化1,1,3,3-四氯丙烯氟化高选择性合成反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯研究

反式-1-氯-3, 3, 3-三氟丙烯 (HCFO-1233zd (E))是近年来正在研发的第四代发泡剂,其大气臭氧消耗潜能值为0.00024,温室效应潜能值为7.0,毒性低,常态下不燃,使用安全;它也是合成含氟精细化工品的中间体,以及合成氟树脂和氟弹性体的单体。本论文制备了Al,Zn,Co改性的Cr2O3催化剂,将其成功应用于1, 1, 3, 3-四氯丙烯（HCC-1230za）与氟化氢反应中,高选择性地合成HCFO-1233zd (E),复合催化剂Zn / Cr2O3显示高稳定性,其中HCC-1230za转化率高达99.4％,HCFO-1233zd（E）的选择性高达98.2％。反应条件诸如反应物HF / HCC-1230za 的摩尔比和反应温度等对产物分布有显着影响。在相对较低的温度（200?C）和较大的HF / HCC-1230za 摩尔比（10：1）下,对HCFO-1233zd（E）的选择性有利。通过XRD,XPS,BET和V70吡啶吸附红外光谱技术对复合催化剂Zn / Cr2O3进行了表征。 XRD结果表明,催化剂中大多数无定形Cr2O3和高度分散微晶相Cr2O3共同导致催化剂的高活性和高稳定性。HCC-1230za的转化率与预氟化处理催化剂Zn / Cr2O3的比表面积有关,催化剂的比表面积越高,催化活性越高。XPS光谱表明,在预氟化过程中,表面铬氧化物可能与F原子强烈相互作用,从而导致Cr原子的化学环境发生广泛变化。V70吡啶吸附红外光谱和氨-程序升温脱附技术结果证明尚未失活的催化剂Lewis 酸和Br?nsted酸中心的数目和强度与新制备的催化剂相比明显提高。     

In-situ polymerized cross-linked binder for cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries

Volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle effect are the main barriers for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery.In this work,we in-situ polymerized a cross-linked binder in sulfur cathode to solve the aforementioned problems using a facile method under mild conditions.Polycarbonate diol(PCDL),triethanolamine(TEA) and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) were chosen as precursors to prepare the cross-linked binder.The in-situ polymerized binder(PTH) builds a strong network in sulfur cathode,which could restrain the volume expansion of sulfu r.Moreover,by adopting functional groups of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms,the binder could effectively facilitate transportation of Li-ion and adsorb polysulfide chemically.The Li-S battery with bare sulfur and carbon/sulfur composite cathodes and cross-linked PTH binder displays much better electrochemical performance than that of the battery with PVDF.The PTH-bare S cathode with a mass loading of 5.97 mg/cm^2 could deliver a capacity of 733.3 mAh/g at 0.2 C,and remained 585.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles.This in-situ polymerized binder is proved to be quite effective on restraining the volume expansion and suppressing polysulfide shuttle effect,then improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S battery.     

A novel Mo-based oxide β-SnMoO_4 as anode for lithium ion battery

Recently,the development of new electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has received intensive attention.As an important family of inorganic materials,mixed Mo-based transition metal oxides system is focused as anode materials.In the present work,a simple route has been adopted for the synthesis of layered-flake-likeβ-SnMo04 Nano-assemblies,which have been explored as potential anode materials for the first time in lithium-ion battery(LIB).Overall,the current reports on metal molybdate as anode materials are still rarely.As the anode material for LIBs,it was observed that the fabricated anode is capable of delivering a steady state capacity of almost 400 mAh/g up to 300 cycles under the influence of200 mA/g current density.Further,the anode material is suitable for use as a rated capacity anode because of its high current density tolerance.The present study can be further extended for the generation of a wide variety of other novel materials for multidisciplinary energy related applications.     

X-Ray Crystallography and Free Energy Calculations Reveal the Binding Mechanism of A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists

We present a robust protocol based on iterations of free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations, chemical synthesis, biophysical mapping and X-ray crystallography to reveal the binding mode of an antagonist series to the A_2A adenosine receptor (AR). Eight A_2AAR binding site mutations from biophysical mapping experiments were initially analyzed with sidechain FEP simulations, performed on alternate binding modes. The results distinctively supported one binding mode, which was subsequently used to design new chromone derivatives. Their affinities for the A_2AAR were experimentally determined and investigated through a cycle of ligand-FEP calculations, validating the binding orientation of the different chemical substituents proposed. Subsequent X-ray crystallography of the A_2AAR with a low and a high affinity chromone derivative confirmed the predicted binding orientation. The new molecules and structures here reported were driven by free energy calculations, and provide new insights on antagonist binding to the A_2AAR, an emerging target in immuno-oncology.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ni doped TiO2 nanowire–nanoparticle hetero–structured films prepared by hydrothermal and sol–gel methods

TiO₂ nanowire-nanoparticle hetero-structured films were prepared via a sol–gel method and coated on glass substrates by dipping method for photocatalytic activity. In this study 0, 1, 3, and 5 mol% of Ni doped were studied. One-dimensional TiO₂ nanowires (NWs) were prepared by hydrothermal treatment with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) which are commercially available. XRD, FESEM, DRS, and XPS were used to characterize the prepared nanowire-nanoparticle hetero-structures films. 3%Ni doped TiO₂ hetero-structured film (TNi3) had the highest photocatalytic activity on the degradation of methylene blue (MB). TNi3 films provided about 4.3 times of degradation rate compared to undoped TiO₂ (T). It revealed that TNi3 film resulted in shifting the absorption wavelength towards narrowing the energy band gap and small crystallite size. Therefore, the TNi3 film exhibited a photocatalytic activity on the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation greater than undoped film.     

Evolution of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surfaces under water immersion monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ absorbers were immerged in deionized water for different times, and specific chemical evolutions were monitored thanks to X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ related dissolution products were studied in water through induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. From those analyses, specific surface network disorganization was observed, with Cu migration towards the surface, leading to different kinetics of oxidation and dissolution for each element that could be quantified.     

La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ钙钛矿催化剂表征及其催化氧化碳黑性能研究

为了研究La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_(3-δ)钙钛矿催化剂对碳黑的催化氧化过程,本研究通过研究催化剂和碳黑的两种不同接触方式,即紧密接触与松散接触,讨论了其对碳黑催化氧化过程的影响。结果表明,与松散接触和无催化剂接触条件相比,紧密接触条件下碳黑的tig(起燃温度)分别下降了89.5和157.4℃,同时随着催化剂/碳黑的比例增加,碳黑氧化的tig、tm(最大转化温度)、tf(燃净温度)均向低温区域移动,表明该催化剂对碳黑有着良好的催化氧化性能。